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Infective endocarditis in HD patients remains a challenging problem - although hemoaccess via dual-lumen catheters remains a significant risk, many cases developed in patients with AVFs and this group suffered the greatest mortality. An abnormal valve (frequently calcified) was another risk factor; because valve calcification is now common after 5 years on dialysis, more effort in preventing this avoidable form of ectopic calcification may reduce the risk of developing IE. |
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bacterial endocarditis,neurologic manifestations of
central venous catheter
dialysis
echocardiogram
echocardiogram,transesophageal
echocardiogram,transesophageal,false negative
echocardiogram,transthoracic
endocarditis
fistula,arterio-venous
fistula,arterio-venous,Brescia-Cimino
infection
mortality
risk factors
valvulopathy
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